Islamic Parties
Votes Versus Rights
Charles Kurzman, “Votes Versus Rights: The Debate That’s Shaping the Outcome of the Arab Spring,” Foreign Policy “Democracy Lab,” February 10, 2012.
“Elections in Egypt, and throughout the Arab Spring, pose a classic dilemma of political theory: Do you support democracy, even if it means sacrificing some civil rights? Or do you support rights, even if it means stifling democracy?” More…
Do Muslims Vote Islamic?
Charles Kurzman and Ijlal Naqvi, Do Muslims Vote Islamic? The Journal of Democracy, April 2010, pp. 50-63.
Project funded by the United States Institute of Peace, 2007-2008; Henry Luce Foundation, 2013.
Updated April 30, 2013.
“If Muslim-majority countries hold free and fair (or at least competitive) elections, should we expect Islamic parties to dominate such contests? … It turns out that Islamic movements have entered the electoral fray quite often — more than 160 times over the past generation, in fact — and most have attracted less than 8 percent of the vote.” More…
Data available in an Excel spreadsheet. Methodological details available in a working paper (March 17, 2009). Overview of findings available in The Islamists Are Not Coming, Foreign Policy, January/February 2010.
Islamic Party Platforms
Islamic parties participating in parliamentary elections since 1970:
| Country | Year | Party | Platform (English or French) | Platform (local language) | Notes |
| Afghanistan | 2005 | Hezb-e-Islami (Islamic Party) | ? | ? | |
| Algeria | 1991 | al-Jabha al-Islamiyya li’l-Inqadh (Front Islamique du Salut, FIS) (Islamic Salvation Front) | 1991 | ||
| Algeria | 1991 | Harakat al-Mujtama’ al-Islami (Hamas) (Movement of the Islamic Society) | 1991 | ||
| Algeria | 1991 | Harakat al-Nahda al-Islamiyya (Islamic Renaissance Movement) | 1991 | ||
| Algeria | 1997 | Harakat al-Nahda al-Islamiyya (Islamic Renaissance Movement) | ? | ? | |
| Algeria | 1997 | Harakat Mujtama’ al-Silm (Hamas) (Movement for the Society of Peace) | ? | ? | |
| Algeria | 2002 | Harakat al-Nahda al-Islamiyya (Islamic Renaissance Movement) | ? | ? | |
| Algeria | 2002 | Harakat al-Islah al-Watani (El-Islah) (Movement for National Reform) | ? | ? | |
| Algeria | 2002 | Harakat Mujtama’ al-Silm (Hamas) (Movement for the Society of Peace) | ? | ? | |
| Algeria | 2007 | Harakat al-Nahda al-Islamiyya (Islamic Renaissance Movement) | ? | ? | Election brochure |
| Algeria | 2007 | Harakat Mujtama’ al-Silm (Hamas) (Movement for the Society of Peace) | 2007 (French) (Word file) | ||
| Algeria | 2007 | Harakat al-Islah al-Watani (El-Islah) (Movement for National Reform) | 2007 | 2004 Political Program Leadership statement |
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| Algeria | 2012 | Takatul al-Jaza’ir al-Hadara (Algerian Green Alliance) | 2012 | Alliance formed by Harakat Mujtama’ al-Salam (Movement of Society for Peace, or Hamas); Harakat an-Nahda (Islamic Renaissance Movement, or Ennahda); and Harakat al-Islah al-Watani (Movement for National Reform, or Islah) | |
| Algeria | 2012 | Jabhat al-`Adala wa’l-Tanmiyya (Front for Justice and Development) | 2012 | ||
| Bahrain | 1973 | Independent Islamists | ? | ? | |
| Bahrain | 2002 | Independent Islamists | ? | ? | |
| Bahrain | 2002 | Al-Rabita al-Islamiyya (The Islamic League) | ? | ? | |
| Bahrain | 2002 | Jam’iyya al-Asala al-Islamiyya (Original Islamic Society) | ? | ? | |
| Bahrain | 2002 | Jam’iyyat al-Minbar al-Watani al-Islami (National Islamic Tribune Society) | ? | ? | |
| Bahrain | 2002 | Jam’iyyat al-Wifaq al-Watani al-Islami (National Islamic Reconciliation Society) | X | X | Boycott. |
| Bahrain | 2002 | Jam’iyyat al-’Amal al-Islami (Islamic Action Society) | X | X | Boycott |
| Bahrain | 2006 | Al-Rabita al-Islamiyya (The Islamic League) | ? | ? | |
| Bahrain | 2006 | al-Shura al-Islamiyya (The Islamic Council) | ? | ? | |
| Bahrain | 2006 | Jam’iyya al-Asala al-Islamiyya (Original Islamic Society) | ? | ? | |
| Bahrain | 2006 | Jam’iyyat al-Minbar al-Watani al-Islami (National Islamic Tribune Society) | ? | ? | |
| Bahrain | 2006 | Jam’iyyat al-Wifaq al-Watani al-Islami (National Islamic Reconciliation Society) | ? | ? | |
| Bahrain | 2006 | Jam’iyyat al-’Amal al-Islami (Islamic Action Society) | ? | ? | |
| Bahrain | 2010 | Jam’iyya al-Asala al-Islamiyya (Original Islamic Society) | ? | 2010 | List of goals |
| Bahrain | 2010 | Jam’iyyat al-Minbar al-Watani al-Islami (National Islamic Tribune Society) | ? | 2010 | List of goals |
| Bahrain | 2010 | Jam’iyyat al-Wifaq al-Watani al-Islami (National Islamic Reconciliation Society) | ? | 2010 | |
| Bahrain | 2010 | Jam’iyyat al-’Amal al-Islami (Islamic Action Society) | ? | 2010 | Boycotted election. |
| Bangladesh | 1979 | Muslim League & Islamic Democratic League | 1979 | JI no longer banned, but some JI members participating as partof the IDL-R | |
| Bangladesh | 1986 | Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh (Islamic Society of Bangladesh) | ? | ? | |
| Bangladesh | 1988 | Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh (Islamic Society of Bangladesh) | X | X | JI did not participate |
| Bangladesh | 1991 | Islami Oikkya Jote (Islamic Unity Front) | ? | ? | |
| Bangladesh | 1991 | Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh (Islamic Society of Bangladesh) | 1991 | 1991 | |
| Bangladesh | 1996 | Islami Oikkya Jote (Islamic Unity Front) | ? | ? | |
| Bangladesh | 1996 | Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh (Islamic Society of Bangladesh) | 1996 | 1992-1996 pamphlets | |
| Bangladesh | 2001 | Islami Oikkya Jote (Islamic Unity Front) | ? | ? | |
| Bangladesh | 2001 | Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh (Islamic Society of Bangladesh) | 2001 | ||
| Bangladesh | 2008 | Islami Oikkya Jote Islamic Unity Front) | ? | ? | |
| Bangladesh | 2008 | Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh (Islamic Society of Bangladesh) | 2008 | 2008 | |
| Comoros | 1996 | Front National pour la Justice (National Front for Justice) | ? | ? | |
| Egypt | 1984 | Al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun (Muslim Brotherhood) with Hizb al-Wafd al-Jadid (New Wafd Party) | ? | ? | |
| Egypt | 1987 | Al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun (Muslim Brotherhood) with Hizb al-’Amal (Labour Party) | 1987 | ||
| Egypt | 1990 | Al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun (Muslim Brotherhood) | X | X | MB did not participate |
| Egypt | 1995 | Al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun (Muslim Brotherhood) | 1995 | Statement on Democracy | |
| Egypt | 2000 | Al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun (Muslim Brotherhood) | 2000 (French) | ||
| Egypt | 2005 | Al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun (Muslim Brotherhood) | 2005 | ||
| Egypt | 2010 | Al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun (Muslim Brotherhood) | 2010 | ||
| Egypt | 2011 | Hizb al-Hurriya wa al-’Adala (Freedom and Justice Party) | 2011 (partial translation) | 2011 | Affiliated with the Muslim Brotherhood. Part of al-Itilaf al-Dimuqrati Min Ajl al-Misr (Democratic Alliance for Egypt) |
| Egypt | 2011 | Hizb al-Asala (Authenticity Party) | 2011 | Part of the Shabakat “al-Islamiyun” (Islamist Alliance) | |
| Egypt | 2011 | Hizb al-Banna’ wa al-Tanmiyya (Party of Construction and Development) | 2011 | Facebook. Part of the Shabakat “al-Islamiyun” (Islamist Alliance) | |
| Egypt | 2011 | Hizb al-Fadyla (Virtue Party) | 2011 | Part of the Shabakat “al-Islamiyun” (Islamist Alliance) | |
| Egypt | 2011 | Hizb al-Islah wa al-Nahda (Party of Justice and Renaissance) | 2011 | ||
| Egypt | 2011 | Hizb al-Nour (Party of Light) | 2011 Also in a single Facebook or PDF file. |
Part of the Shabakat “al-Islamiyun” (Islamist Alliance) | |
| Egypt | 2011 | Hizb al-Tayar al-Masry (Egyptian Current Party) | 2011 Also in Flash at website. |
Part of the “Al-Thawra Mustimara” (The Revolution Continues) Alliance. | |
| Egypt | 2011 | Hizb al-Wasat (Center Party) | 2009 | ||
| Indonesia | 1971 | Nahdatul Ulama (Revival of the Ulama) | ? | ? | |
| Indonesia | 1971 | Partai Muslimin Indonesia (Muslim Party of Indonesia) | ? | ? | |
| Indonesia | 1971 | Partai Syarikat Islam Indonesia (Indonesia Islamic Union Party) | ? | ? | |
| Indonesia | 1971 | Perti (Islamic Educators Association) | ? | ? | |
| Indonesia | 1977 | Partai Persatuan Pembangunan (PPP) (United Development Party) | ? | ? | |
| Indonesia | 1982 | Partai Persatuan Pembangunan (PPP) (United Development Party) | ? | ? | |
| Indonesia | 1987 | Partai Persatuan Pembangunan (PPP) (United Development Party) | ? | ? | |
| Indonesia | 1992 | Partai Persatuan Pembangunan (PPP) (United Development Party) | ? | ? | |
| Indonesia | 1997 | Partai Persatuan Pembangunan (PPP) (United Development Party) | ? | ? | |
| Indonesia | 1999 | Partai Keadilan (Justice Party) | 1998 | ||
| Indonesia | 1999 | Partai Bulan Bintang (PBB) (Crescent Star Party) | ? | ? | |
| Indonesia | 1999 | Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa (PKB) National Awakening Party | ? | ? | |
| Indonesia | 1999 | Partai Persatuan Pembangunan (PPP) (United Development Party) | ? | ? | |
| Indonesia | 2004 | Partai Keadilan Sejahtera (PKS) (Prosperous Justice Party) | ? | ? | |
| Indonesia | 2004 | Partai Persatuan Pembangunan (PPP) (United Development Party) | ? | ? | |
| Indonesia | 2004 | Partai Bulan Bintang (PBB) (Crescent Star Party) | ? | ? | |
| Indonesia | 2004 | Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa (PKB) (National Awakening Party) | ? | ? | |
| Indonesia | 2004 | Partai Bintang Reformasi (PBR) (Reform Star Party) | ? | ? | |
| Indonesia | 2004 | Partai Persatuan Nahdlatul Ummah Indonesia (NU) (Indonesian Nahdlatul Community Party) | ? | ? | |
| Indonesia | 2009 | Partai Amanat Nasional (PAN) (National Mandate Party) | ? | ? | Party website has no platform available. |
| Indonesia | 2009 | Partai Bintang Reformasi (PBR) (Reform Star Party) | 2009 | Vision statement rather than a full program. | |
| Indonesia | 2009 | Partai Bulan Bintang (PBB) (Crescent Star Party) | 2009 | ||
| Indonesia | 2009 | Partai Keadilan Sejahtera (PKS) (Prosperous Justice Party) | 2009 | ||
| Indonesia | 2009 | Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa (PKB) (National Awakening Party) | 2009 | ||
| Indonesia | 2009 | Partai Kebangkitan Nasional Ulama (PKNU) (Ulema National Awakening Party) | 2009 | Vision statement rather than a full program | |
| Indonesia | 2009 | Partai Matahari Bangsa (PMB) (National Sun Party) | 2009 | ||
| Indonesia | 2009 | Partai Persatuan Nahdlatul Ummah Indonesia (PPNUI) (Indonesian Nahdlatul Community Party) | 2009 | Vision statement rather than a full program | |
| Indonesia | 2009 | Partai Persatuan Pembangunan (PPP) (United Development Party) | ? | ? | Party website currently not functioning. |
| Iraq | 2005 | al-Ittihad al-’Iraqi al-Muwahhad (Unified Iraqi Coalition) | 2004 | ||
| Iraq | 2005 | Jabhat al-Tawafuq al-’Iraqiyya (Iraqi Accord Front) | 2005 | December 2005 parliamentary election, not January 2005 transitional assembly election. | |
| Iraq | 2005 | Yekgirtuy Islami Kurdistan (Kurdistan Islamic Union) | 2005 | ||
| Iraq | 2005 | National Independent Cadres and Elites | ? | ? | Associated with Muqtada al-Sadr |
| Iraq | 2010 | al-Hizb al-Islami al-Iraqi (Iraqi Islamic Party) | 2010 | Part of Jabhat al-Tawafuq al-Iraqiyya (Iraqi Accord Front), 2010. | |
| Iraq | 2010 | al-Ittilaf al-Watani al-’Iraqi (National Iraqi Alliance) | 2010 | ||
| Iraq | 2010 | Yekgirtuy Islami Kurdistan (Kurdistan Islamic Union) | 2010 | 2010 (Kurdish), 2010 (Arabic) |
|
| Iraq | 2010 | Komele Islami le Kurdistan/Iraq (Islamic Group in Kurdistan/Iraq) | ? | ? | |
| Iraq | 2010 | National Independent Cadres and Elites | ? | ? | Associated with Muqtada al-Sar |
| Jordan | 1989 | Jama’at al-Ikhwan al-Muslimin (Society of Muslim Brothers) & allied independents | 1989 | ||
| Jordan | 1993 | Jabhat al-’Amal al-Islami (Islamic Action Front) | 1993 (Part 1) 1993 (Part 2) |
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| Jordan | 1997 | Jabhat al-’Amal al-Islami (Islamic Action Front) | X | X | Boycott |
| Jordan | 2003 | Jabhat al-’Amal al-Islami (Islamic Action Front) | 2003 | ||
| Jordan | 2007 | Jabhat al-’Amal al-Islami (Islamic Action Front) | 2007 | Decided to participate very late in the election cycle. | |
| Jordan | 2010 | Jabhat al-’Amal al-Islami (Islamic Action Front) | ? | ? | Boycott |
| Jordan | 2013 | Jabhat al-’Amal al-Islami (Islamic Action Front) | ? | ? | Boycott |
| Kuwait | 1981 | Al-Tajammu’ al-Islami al-Salafi (Salafi Islamic Association) | ? | ? | |
| Kuwait | 1981 | Al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun (Muslim Brothers) | ? | ? | |
| Kuwait | 1985 | Al-Tajammu’ al-Islami al-Salafi (Salafi Islamic Association) | ? | ? | |
| Kuwait | 1985 | Al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun (Muslim Brothers) | ? | ? | |
| Kuwait | 1992 | Al-Tajammu’ al-Islami al-Sha’bi (Popular Islamic Association) | ? | 1992 | |
| Kuwait | 1992 | Al-Haraka al-Dusturiyya al-Islamiyya (Islamic Constitutional Movement) | ? | ? | |
| Kuwait | 1996 | Al-Haraka al-Salafiyya (Salafi Movement) | ? | ? | |
| Kuwait | 1996 | Al-Tajammu’ al-Islami al-Salafi (Salafi Islamic Association) | ? | ? | |
| Kuwait | 1996 | Al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun (Muslim Brothers) | ? | ? | |
| Kuwait | 1999 | Al-Haraka al-Salafiyya (Salafi Movement) | ? | ? | |
| Kuwait | 1999 | Al-Tajammu’ al-Islami al-Salafi (Salafi Islamic Association) | ? | ? | |
| Kuwait | 1999 | Al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun (Muslim Brothers) | ? | ? | |
| Kuwait | 2003 | Al-Haraka al-Salafiyya (Salafi Movement) | ? | ? | |
| Kuwait | 2003 | Al-Tajammu’ al-Islami al-Salafi (Salafi Islamic Association) | 2003 | ||
| Kuwait | 2003 | Al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun (Muslim Brothers) | ? | ? | |
| Kuwait | 2006 | Al-Haraka al-Salafiyya (Salafi Movement) | ? | ? | |
| Kuwait | 2006 | Al-Tajammu’ al-Islami al-Salafi (Salafi Islamic Association) | ? | ? | |
| Kuwait | 2006 | Al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun (Muslim Brothers) | ? | ? | |
| Kuwait | 2008 | Al-Haraka al-Dusturiyya al-Islamiyya (Islamic Constitutional Movement) | 2008 | ||
| Kuwait | 2008 | Hizb al-Umma (Umma Party) | ? | ? | |
| Kuwait | 2008 | Al-Tajammu’ al-Islami al-Salafi (Salafi Islamic Association) | 2008 | ||
| Kuwait | 2008 | Al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun (Muslim Brothers) | ? | ? | |
| Kuwait | 2008 | Independent Islamists | ? | ? | |
| Kuwait | 2009 | Al-Haraka al-Dusturiyya al-Islamiyya (Islamic Constitutional Movement) | ? | ? | |
| Kuwait | 2009 | Al-Tajammu’ al-Islami al-Salafi (Salafi Islamic Association) | ? | ? | |
| Kuwait | 2009 | Hizb al-Umma (Umma Party) | Boycott | ||
| Kuwait | 2009 | Independent Sunni Islamists | ? | ? | |
| Kuwait | 2012 | Al-Haraka al-Dusturiyya al-Islamiyya (Islamic Constitutional Movement) | 2012 | Boycott | |
| Kuwait | 2012 | Al-Tajammu’ al-Islami al-Salafi (Salafi Islamic Association) | ? | ? | |
| Kuwait | 2012 | Hizb al-Umma (Umma Party) | Boycott | ||
| Kuwait | 2012 | Independent Sunni Islamists | ? | ? | |
| Lebanon | 1992 | Hizbullah (Party of God) | 1992 | 1992 | |
| Lebanon | 1992 | al-Jama’a al-Islamiyya (The Islamic Society) | ? | ? | |
| Lebanon | 1992 | Jami’at al-Mashari’ al-Khayriyya al-Islamiyya (The Association of Islamic Charitable Projects) | ? | ? | |
| Lebanon | 1996 | Hizbullah (Party of God) | 1996 | 1996 | |
| Lebanon | 1996 | al-Jama’a al-Islamiyya (The Islamic Society) | ? | ? | |
| Lebanon | 1996 | Jami’at al-Mashari’ al-Khayriyya al-Islamiyya (The Association of Islamic Charitable Projects) | ? | ? | |
| Lebanon | 2000 | Hizbullah (Party of God) | 2000 | 2000 | |
| Lebanon | 2000 | al-Jama’a al-Islamiyya (The Islamic Society) | ? | ? | |
| Lebanon | 2005 | Hizbullah (Party of God) | 2005 | ||
| Lebanon | 2005 | al-Jama’a al-Islamiyya (The Islamic Society) | X | X | Boycott |
| Lebanon | 2009 | Hizbullah (Party of God) | 2009 | 2009 | |
| Lebanon | 2009 | al-Jama’a al-Islamiyya (The Islamic Society) | ? | ? | |
| Libya | 2012 | al-’Adala wa al-Bina (Justice and Construction) | 2012 | ||
| Libya | 2012 | Hizb al-Watan (The Nation Party) | ? | ? | Webpage for platform is blank. Short video describes the platform. |
| Malaysia | 1969 | Pan-Malayan Islamic Party | 1967 | The Objects of the Pan-Malayan Islamic Party | |
| Malaysia | 1974 | Parti Islam Se-Malaysia (PAS) (Islamic Party of Malaysia), as part of the Barisan Nasional (National Front) | ? | ? | PAS was part of the National Front for the 1974 election. |
| Malaysia | 1978 | Parti Islam Se-Malaysia (PAS) (Islamic Party of Malaysia) | 1978 | ||
| Malaysia | 1982 | Parti Islam Se-Malaysia (PAS) (Islamic Party of Malaysia) | ? | ? | |
| Malaysia | 1986 | Parti Islam Se-Malaysia (PAS) (Islamic Party of Malaysia) | ? | ? | |
| Malaysia | 1990 | Parti Islam Se-Malaysia (PAS) (Islamic Party of Malaysia) | ? | ? | |
| Malaysia | 1995 | Parti Islam Se-Malaysia (PAS) (Islamic Party of Malaysia) | ? | ? | |
| Malaysia | 1999 | Parti Islam Se-Malaysia (PAS) (Islamic Party of Malaysia), as part of Barisan Alternatif (Alternative Front) | 1999 Coalition Platform (Part 1 and Part 2) | 1999 Coalition Platform | President’s message accompanying the manifesto |
| Malaysia | 2004 | Parti Islam Se-Malaysia (PAS) (Islamic Party of Malaysia), as part of Barisan Alternatif (Alternative Front) | 2004 Coalition Platform | PAS separately released The Islamic State Document | |
| Malaysia | 2008 | Parti Islam Se-Malaysia (PAS) (Islamic Party of Malaysia) | 2008 | 2008 | In addition to their own manifesto, PAS also signed onto a coalition known as Barisan Rakyat (People’s Front), with the following platforms: The People’s Declaration (Deklarasi Rakyat) and The People’s Voice |
| Malaysia | 2013 | Parti Islam Se-Malaysia (PAS) (Islamic Party of Malaysia) | ? | ? | PAS was part of the Pakatan Rakyat (People’s Alliance), which issued a manifesto in Bahasa Malaysia and English. |
| Maldives | 2009 | Adhaalath Paatee (Justice Party) | ? | ? | |
| Maldives | 2009 | Islamik Dimokretik Paatee (Islamic Democratic Party) | 2008 | ||
| Morocco | 1993 | Mouvement Populaire Démocratique et Constitutionnel (Constitutional and Democratic Popular Movement) | X | X | Proto-PJD denied participation |
| Morocco | 1997 | Mouvement Populaire Démocratique et Constitutionnel (Constitutional and Democratic Popular Movement) | ? | ? | Proto-PJD |
| Morocco | 2002 | Hizb al-’Adala wa’l-Tanmiyya (Justice and Development Party) | 2002 | ||
| Morocco | 2007 | Hizb al-’Adala wa’l-Tanmiyya (Justice and Development Party) | 2007 (French) | 2007 | |
| Morocco | 2007 | Hizb al-Nahda wa’l-Fadila (Party of Renaissance and Virtue) | 2007 (French) | ||
| Morocco | 2011 | Hizb al-’Adala wa’l-Tanmiyya (Justice and Development Party) | 2011 | ||
| Morocco | 2011 | Hizb al-Nahda wa’l-Fadila (Party of Renaissance and Virtue) | 2009 | ||
| Pakistan | 1970 | Jamaat-e-Islami (Islamic Society) | 1969 | ||
| Pakistan | 1970 | Jamiat-e-Ulema-i-Islam (Society of Religious Scholars of Islam) | ? | ? | |
| Pakistan | 1970 | Jamaat-e-Ulema-e-Islam (Society of Religious Scholars of Islam) / Jamaat-e-Ahl-e-Hadith (Society of the Family of Hadith) | ? | ? | |
| Pakistan | 1970 | Markazi Jamiat-e-Ulema-e-Pakistan (Central Society of Religious Scholars of Pakistan) | ? | ? | |
| Pakistan | 1977 | Pakistan National Alliance | ? | ? | Including Pakistan Muslim League and Jamaat-e-Islami |
| Pakistan | 1985 | Jamaat-e-Islami (Islamic Society) | ? | ? | The JI were the only party allowed to participate as a political organization in these otherwise non-party elections |
| Pakistan | 1988 | Jamaat-e-Islami (Islamic Society) | 1988 Coalition Platform | Part of the Islami Jamhoori Ittehad (Islamic Democratic Alliance) with the Pakistan Muslim League | |
| Pakistan | 1988 | Jamiat-e-Ulema-i-Islam (JUI) (Society of Religious Scholars of Islam) | ? | ? | |
| Pakistan | 1988 | Jamaat-e-Ulema-e-Islam Fazl (JUI-F) (Society of Religious Scholars of Islam, Fazl Group) | ? | ? | |
| Pakistan | 1990 | Jamaat-e-Islami (Islamic Society) | ? | ? | Part of the Islami Jamhoori Ittehad (Islamic Democratic Alliance) with the Pakistan Muslim League |
| Pakistan | 1990 | Jamiat-e-Ulema-i-Islam (JUI) (Society of Religious Scholars of Islam) | ? | ? | |
| Pakistan | 1993 | Jamaat-e-Islami (Islamic Society) | ? | ? | Part of the Pakistan Islamic Front |
| Pakistan | 1993 | Islamic Jamhoori Mahaz (Islamic Democratic Front) | ? | ? | |
| Pakistan | 1993 | Mutahida Deeni Mahaz (United Religious Front) | ? | ? | |
| Pakistan | 1997 | Jamaat-e-Islami (Islamic Society) | X | X | Boycott statement |
| Pakistan | 1997 | Jamaat-e-Ulema-e-Islam Fazl (JUI-F) (Society of Religious Scholars of Islam, Fazl Group) | ? | ? | |
| Pakistan | 2002 | Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal (United Action Council) | 2002 (15-point manifesto) | Alliance of six Islamist parties including the Jamaat-e-Islami | |
| Pakistan | 2008 | Jamaat-e-Islami (Islamic Society) | X | X | JI boycott |
| Pakistan | 2008 | Jamaat-e-Ulema-e-Islam Fazl (JUI-F) (Society of Religious Scholars of Islam, Fazl Group) | ? | ? | |
| Pakistan | 2013 | Jamaat-e-Islami (Islamic Society) | 2013 | 2013 | |
| Pakistan | 2013 | Jamaat-e-Ulema-e-Islam Fazl (JUI-F) (Society of Religious Scholars of Islam, Fazl Group) | 2013 | 1986/2013 | |
| Pakistan | 2013 | Muttahida Deeni Mahaz (United Religious Front) | ? | ? | Six-party alliance (Facebook page): Jamiat-e-Ulema Islam – Samiul Haq, Jamiat-e-Ulema-e-Pakistan Noorani, Pakistan Rah-e-Haq Party, Jamiat Ahle Hadith, Ahle Sunnat Wal Jamaat, Jamiat-e-Ulema-e-Pakistan |
| Pakistan | 2013 | Islami Inqalab Party (Islamic Revolution Party) | ? | ? | |
| Pakistan | 2013 | Islami Nazaryati Tehreek Pakistan (Islamic Movement of Pakistan) | 2013 (summary) | 2013 | Booklet and constitution also available on same page. |
| Pakistan | 2013 | Jamiat Ulama-e-Islam Nazaryati Pakistan (Society of Religious Scholars of Islam – Nazaryati Pakistan) | ? | ? | Blog |
| Pakistan | 2013 | Jamiat Ulma-e-Pakistan (Niazi) | ? | ? | |
| Palestine | 2006 | Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya (Hamas) (Islamic Resistance Movement) | 2006 (abbreviated) | 2006 | |
| Sudan | 1968 | Hizb al-Umma, Janub (Nation Party, South) | ? | ? | |
| Sudan | 1968 | Hizb al-Umma, Imam (Nation Party, Imam) | ? | ? | |
| Sudan | 1968 | Hizb al-Umma, Sadiq (Nation Party, Sadiq) | ? | 1965 | |
| Sudan | 1986 | Al-Jabha al-Islamiyya al-Qaumiyya (National Islamic Front) | ? | ? | |
| Sudan | 1986 | Hizb al-Umma al-Jadid (New Nation Party) | ? | 1985 | |
| Sudan | 2010 | Hizb al-Mu’tamar al-Watani al-Sudani (National Congress Party of Sudan) | ? | 2010 | |
| Sudan | 2010 | Hizb al-Umma al-Qaumi al-Sudan (National Umma Party – Sudan) | ? | 2010 | |
| Sudan | 2010 | al-Mu’tamar al-Sha`bi (Popular Congress) | ? | 2005 | |
| Tajikistan | 1995 | Hizbi Nahzati Islomi Tojikiston (Party of the Islamic Front of Tajikistan, also known as Islamic Renaissance Party) | X | X | Boycott |
| Tajikistan | 2000 | Hizbi Nahzati Islomi Tojikiston (Party of the Islamic Front of Tajikistan, also known as Islamic Renaissance Party) | ? | ? | |
| Tajikistan | 2005 | Hizbi Nahzati Islomi Tojikiston (Party of the Islamic Front of Tajikistan, also known as Islamic Renaissance Party) | 2005 | This program is only a summary. | |
| Tajikistan | 2010 | Hizbi Nahzati Islomi Tojikiston (Party of the Islamic Front of Tajikistan, also known as Islamic Renaissance Party) | ? | ? | See list of candidates here. |
| Tunisia | 1989 | Hizb an-Nahda (Renaissance Party) | ? | ? | |
| Tunisia | 2011 | Hizb an-Nahda (Renaissance Party) | 2011 (summary) | 2011 (Part 1, Part 2) | |
| Tunisia | 2011 | Hizb al-’Adl wa al-Tanmiyya (Party of Justice and Development) (PJD) | 2011 | Facebook page | |
| Tunisia | 2011 | Hizb al-’Adl wa al-Tanmiyya (Justice and Development Party) (JPD) | ? | ? | |
| Tunisia | 2011 | Hizb al-Haraka al-Tunisiyya li’l-’Amal al-Magharibi (Tunisian Movement for Maghrebi Action) (MTAM) | ? | ? | Facebook page |
| Tunisia | 2011 | Hizb al-Islah wa al-Tanmiyya (Party of Reform and Development) (PRD) | 2011 | 2011 | |
| Tunisia | 2011 | Hizb al-Karama wa al-Musawah (Party of Dignity and Equality) (PDE) | 2011 | ||
| Tunisia | 2011 | Hizb al-Karama wa al-Tanmiyya (Party of Dignity and Development) (PDD) | 2011 | Facebook page | |
| Tunisia | 2011 | Hizb al-Muhafizin al-Taqaddumiyin (Progressive Conservative Party) (PCP) | 2011 | ||
| Tunisia | 2011 | Hizb al-Umma al-Tunisi (Tunisian Nation Party) (PTN) | ? | ? | |
| Tunisia | 2011 | Hizb al-Wahda wa al-Islah (Party of Unity and Reform) (PUR) | ? | ? | |
| Tunisia | 2011 | al-Liqa’ al-Islahi al-Dimuqrati (Democratic Reformist Encounter) (RRD) | 2007 | ||
| Tunisia | 2013 | Hizb an-Nahda (Renaissance Party) | ? | ? | |
| Tunisia | 2013 | Tunisian Islamic Reform Front (Hizb Jabhat al-Islah al-Islamiyya al-Tunisiyya) | 2012 | ||
| Turkey | 1973 | Milli Selâmet Partisi (National Salvation Party) | ? | ? | Founding statement: Milli Görüş (Part 1 and Part 2) |
| Turkey | 1977 | Milli Selâmet Partisi (National Salvation Party) | ? | ? | |
| Turkey | 1983 | X | X | X | |
| Turkey | 1987 | Refah Partisi (Welfare Party) | ? | ? | Pamphlet: Tek Cözüm |
| Turkey | 1991 | Refah Partisi (Welfare Party) | 1991 (Part 1 and Part 2) | ||
| Turkey | 1995 | Refah Partisi (Welfare Party) | ? | ? | Pamphlet: İşte Memleketin Hikayesi |
| Turkey | 1999 | Fazilet Partisi (Virtue Party) | 1998 | ||
| Turkey | 2002 | Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi (AKP) (Justice and Development Party) | 2002 | Original party programme (English) | |
| Turkey | 2002 | Saadet Partisi (Felicity Party) | 2002 | Original party program | |
| Turkey | 2007 | Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi (AKP) (Justice and Development Party) | 2007 | ||
| Turkey | 2007 | Saadet Partisi (Felicity Party) | 2007 (Part A and Part B) | ||
| Turkey | 2011 | Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi (AKP) (Justice and Development Party) | 2011 | ||
| Turkey | 2011 | Saadet Partisi (Felicity Party) | 2011 | Alternative formatting | |
| Yemen | 1993 | Tajammu’ al-Yamani li’l-Islah (Yemeni Association for Reform) | 1993 | 1994 political platform | |
| Yemen | 1997 | Tajammu’ al-Yamani li’l-Islah (Yemeni Association for Reform) | 1997 | 1997 | |
| Yemen | 2003 | Tajammu’ al-Yamani li’l-Islah (Yemeni Association for Reform) | 2003 |
Coding questions for party platforms:
1. Does the party call for a violent revolution against the state?
2. Does the party support democracy? Do they define democracy?
3. Does the party require the implementation of the sharia? What is their definition of the sharia? Who will adjudicate disputes over the meaning of the sharia?
4. What are the top three issues in the party platform?
5. Where does the party stand on women’s rights and the implementation of Islamic family law?
6. How does the party propose to treat minorities?
7. Does the party platform propose any welfare programs such as pensions, poverty relief, and medical care for those in need?
8. Is jihad mentioned? In what context? How is jihad defined?
9. What is the party’s position on the Israel/Palestine conflict?
10. Does the party mention an anti-corruption stance in its platform?
11. Does the party platform propose banning interest based banking?
12. Is the party platform accepting of a free market economy?
13. Is the party platform encouraging towards foreign investment?