Islamic Parties
When Do Muslims Vote Islamic?
Charles Kurzman and Didem Türkoğlu, “When Do Muslims Vote Islamic?” in Fatma Müge Göçek and Gamze Evcimen, editors, The I.B. Tauris Handbook of Sociology and the Middle East (London: I.B. Tauris, 2022), pp. 163-174. “This study updates results from two previous papers, published in The Journal of Democracy in 2010 and 2015…. Here we present data on Islamic political parties’ performance in parliamentary elections through the end of 2020, along with an expanded set of electoral platforms. We find that Islamic parties have not fared much better in elections since the Arab Spring than before. As in earlier years, a handful of Islamic parties have won pluralities of the vote, especially in “breakthrough” elections after long periods of autocratic rule, while most Islamic parties received 2 percent of seats in parliament or less. The Islamic political sector as a whole — that is, the proportion of seats won by all Islamic parties in each election — fell slightly to a median of 12 percent since the Arab Spring.”
Data available in an Excel spreadsheet.
After the Arab Spring: Do Muslims Vote Islamic Now?
Charles Kurzman and Didem Türkoğlu, “After the Arab Spring: Do Muslims Vote Islamic Now?” Journal of Democracy, Vol. 26, No. 4, October 2015, pp. 100-109. “Do Muslims Vote Islamic?” asked an article by Charles Kurzman and Ijlal Naqvi in the April 2010 issue of the Journal of Democracy. The answer, at that time, appeared to be rarely. This essay presents updated data on Islamic political parties’ performance in parliamentary elections through the end of 2014, along with an expanded set of electoral platforms. Since 2011, the trend toward liberal themes has stalled, but Islamic parties have not fared much better in elections since the Arab Spring than before. More…
Data available in an Excel spreadsheet.
Votes Versus Rights
Charles Kurzman, “Votes Versus Rights: The Debate That’s Shaping the Outcome of the Arab Spring,” Foreign Policy “Democracy Lab,” February 10, 2012.
“Elections in Egypt, and throughout the Arab Spring, pose a classic dilemma of political theory: Do you support democracy, even if it means sacrificing some civil rights? Or do you support rights, even if it means stifling democracy?” More…
Do Muslims Vote Islamic?
Charles Kurzman and Ijlal Naqvi, “Do Muslims Vote Islamic?” The Journal of Democracy, Vol. 21, No. 2, April 2010, pp. 50-63.
Project funded by the United States Institute of Peace, 2007-2008; Henry Luce Foundation, 2013-2014.
“If Muslim-majority countries hold free and fair (or at least competitive) elections, should we expect Islamic parties to dominate such contests? … It turns out that Islamic movements have entered the electoral fray quite often — more than 160 times over the past generation, in fact — and most have attracted less than 8 percent of the vote.” More…
Methodological details available in a working paper (March 17, 2009). Overview of findings available in The Islamists Are Not Coming, Foreign Policy, January/February 2010.
Islamic Party Platforms
Islamic parties participating in parliamentary elections since 1970:
Updated April 15, 2024.
| Country | Year | Party | Platform (English or French) | Platform (local language) | Notes |
| Afghanistan | 2005 | Hezb-e-Islami (Islamic Party) | ? | ? | |
| Afghanistan | 2018 | Hezb-e-Islami (Islamic Party) | ? | ? | Facebook page |
| Algeria | 1991 | al-Jabha al-Islamiyya li’l-Inqadh (Front Islamique du Salut, FIS) (Islamic Salvation Front) | 1991 | ||
| Algeria | 1991 | Harakat al-Mujtama’ al-Islami (Hims) (Movement of the Islamic Society) | 1991 | ||
| Algeria | 1991 | Harakat al-Nahda al-Islamiyya (Islamic Renaissance Movement) | 1991 | ||
| Algeria | 1997 | Harakat al-Nahda al-Islamiyya (Islamic Renaissance Movement) | ? | ? | |
| Algeria | 1997 | Harakat Mujtama’ al-Silm (Hims) (Movement for the Society of Peace) | ? | ? | |
| Algeria | 2002 | Harakat al-Nahda al-Islamiyya (Islamic Renaissance Movement) | ? | ? | |
| Algeria | 2002 | Harakat al-Islah al-Watani (El-Islah) (Movement for National Reform) | ? | ? | |
| Algeria | 2002 | Harakat Mujtama’ al-Silm (Hims) (Movement for the Society of Peace) | ? | ? | |
| Algeria | 2007 | Harakat al-Nahda al-Islamiyya (Islamic Renaissance Movement) | ? | ? | Election brochure |
| Algeria | 2007 | Harakat Mujtama’ al-Silm (Hims) (Movement for the Society of Peace) | 2007 (French) (Word file) | ||
| Algeria | 2007 | Harakat al-Islah al-Watani (El-Islah) (Movement for National Reform) | 2007 | 2004 Political Program Leadership statement |
|
| Algeria | 2012 | Takatul al-Jaza’ir al-Hadara (Algerian Green Alliance) | 2012 (draft translation) |
2012 | Alliance formed by Harakat Mujtama’ al-Salam (Movement of Society for Peace, or Hims); Harakat an-Nahda (Islamic Renaissance Movement, or Ennahda); and Harakat al-Islah al-Watani (Movement for National Reform, or Islah) |
| Algeria | 2012 | Jabhat al-`Adala wa’l-Tanmiyya (Front for Justice and Development) | 2012 (draft translation) |
2012 | |
| Algeria | 2017 | Harakat al-Nahda al-Islamiyya (Islamic Renaissance Movement)/Jabhat al-`Adala wa’l-Tanmiyya (Front for Justice and Development) | ? | ? | Justice and Development Facebook page |
| Algeria | 2017 | Harakat Mujtama’ al-Silm (Hims) (Movement for the Society of Peace)/Jabhat al-Taqyir (Front pour Changement, Movement for Change) | 2017 (Hims) |
Movement for Change political platform | |
| Algeria | 2017 | Harakat al-Islah al-Watani (El-Islah) (Movement for National Reform) | ? | ? | |
| Algeria | 2021 | Harakat al-Bina’ al-Watani (National Construction Movement) | ? | ? | |
| Algeria | 2021 | Harakat Mujtama’ al-Silm (Hims) (Movement for the Society of Peace) | ? | ? | |
| Algeria | 2021 | Hizb al-Hurriya wa al-’Adala (Freedom and Justice Party) | ? | ? | |
| Algeria | 2021 | Jabhat al-‘Adala wa’l-Tanmiyya (Front for Justice and Development) | ? | ? | |
| Bahrain | 1973 | Independent Islamists | ? | ? | |
| Bahrain | 2002 | Independent Islamists | ? | ? | |
| Bahrain | 2002 | Al-Rabita al-Islamiyya (The Islamic League) | ? | ? | |
| Bahrain | 2002 | Jam’iyyat al-Asala al-Islamiyya (Islamic Authenticity Society) | ? | ? | |
| Bahrain | 2002 | Jam’iyyat al-Minbar al-Watani al-Islami (National Islamic Tribune Society) | ? | ? | |
| Bahrain | 2002 | Jam’iyyat al-Wifaq al-Watani al-Islami (National Islamic Reconciliation Society) | X | X | Boycott |
| Bahrain | 2002 | Jam’iyyat al-‘Amal al-Islami (Islamic Action Society) | X | X | Boycott |
| Bahrain | 2006 | Al-Rabita al-Islamiyya (The Islamic League) | ? | ? | |
| Bahrain | 2006 | al-Shura al-Islamiyya (The Islamic Council) | ? | ? | |
| Bahrain | 2006 | Jam’iyyat al-Asala al-Islamiyya (Islamic Authenticity Society) | ? | ? | |
| Bahrain | 2006 | Jam’iyyat al-Minbar al-Watani al-Islami (National Islamic Tribune Society) | ? | ? | |
| Bahrain | 2006 | Jam’iyyat al-Wifaq al-Watani al-Islami (National Islamic Reconciliation Society) | ? | ? | |
| Bahrain | 2006 | Jam’iyyat al-‘Amal al-Islami (Islamic Action Society) | ? | ? | |
| Bahrain | 2010 | Jam’iyyat al-Asala al-Islamiyya (Islamic Authenticity Society) | 2010 (partial draft translation) |
2010 | List of goals |
| Bahrain | 2010 | Jam’iyyat al-Minbar al-Watani al-Islami (National Islamic Tribune Society) | 2010 (draft translation) |
2010 | List of goals |
| Bahrain | 2010 | Jam’iyyat al-Wifaq al-Watani al-Islami (National Islamic Reconciliation Society) | 2010 (draft translation) |
2010 | |
| Bahrain | 2010 | Jam’iyyat al-‘Amal al-Islami (Islamic Action Society) | 2010 (draft translation) |
2010 | Boycotted election. |
| Bahrain | 2014 | Jam’iyyat al-Asala al-Islamiyya (Islamic Authenticity Society) | ? | ? | |
| Bahrain | 2014 | Jam’iyyat al-Minbar al-Watani al-Islami (National Islamic Tribune Society) | 2014 | ||
| Bahrain | 2014 | Jam’iyyat al-Wifaq al-Watani al-Islami (National Islamic Reconciliation Society) | ? | ? | Boycott |
| Bahrain | 2014 | Jam’iyyat al-‘Amal al-Islami (Islamic Action Society) | ? | ? | Banned |
| Bahrain | 2018 | Jam’iyyat al-Asala al-Islamiyya (Islamic Authenticity Society) | ? | ? | |
| Bahrain | 2018 | Jam’iyyat al-Minbar al-Watani al-Islami (National Islamic Tribune Society) | ? | ? | Website. 2014 electoral platform still on website in November 2018. | Bahrain | 2018 | Jam’iyyat al-Wifaq al-Watani al-Islami (National Islamic Reconciliation Society) | Banned |
| Bahrain | 2018 | Jam’iyyat al-‘Amal al-Islami (Islamic Action Society) | Banned | Bahrain | 2022 | Jam’iyyat al-Wifaq al-Watani al-Islami (National Islamic Reconciliation Society) | Banned |
| Bahrain | 2022 | Jam’iyyat al-‘Amal al-Islami (Islamic Action Society) | Banned | ||
| Bangladesh | 1979 | Muslim League & Islamic Democratic League | 1979 | JI no longer banned, but some JI members participating as part of the IDL-R | |
| Bangladesh | 1986 | Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh (Islamic Society of Bangladesh) | ? | ? | |
| Bangladesh | 1988 | Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh (Islamic Society of Bangladesh) | X | X | JI did not participate |
| Bangladesh | 1991 | Islami Oikkya Jote (Islamic Unity Front) | ? | ? | |
| Bangladesh | 1991 | Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh (Islamic Society of Bangladesh) | 1991 | 1991 | |
| Bangladesh | 1996 | Islami Oikkya Jote (Islamic Unity Front) | ? | ? | |
| Bangladesh | 1996 | Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh (Islamic Society of Bangladesh) | 1996 | 1992-1996 pamphlets | |
| Bangladesh | 2001 | Islami Oikkya Jote (Islamic Unity Front) | ? | ? | |
| Bangladesh | 2001 | Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh (Islamic Society of Bangladesh) | 2001 | ||
| Bangladesh | 2008 | Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh (Islamic Society of Bangladesh) | 2008 | 2008 | |
| Bangladesh | 2008 | Islami Oikkya Jote (Islamic Unity Front) | ? | ? | |
| Bangladesh | 2014 | Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh (Islamic Society of Bangladesh) | X | X | Barred from national elections by Supreme Court in August 2013. |
| Bangladesh | 2014 | Islami Oikkya Jote (Islamic Unity Front) | ? | ? | |
| Bangladesh | 2018 | Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh (Islamic Society of Bangladesh) | X | X | Boycott. Website. |
| Bangladesh | 2018 | Islami Oikkya Jote (Islamic Unity Front) | ? | ? | |
| Bangladesh | 2018 | Islami Andolan Bangladesh (Islamic Movement of Bangladesh) | ? | 2018 | Website. |
| Bangladesh | 2024 | Islami Andolan Bangladesh (Islamic Movement of Bangladesh) | ? | ? | Website. |
| Comoros | 1996 | Front National pour la Justice (National Front for Justice) | ? | ? | |
| Egypt | 1976 | Al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun (Muslim Brotherhood) | ? | ? | Running as independents |
| Egypt | 1984 | Al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun (Muslim Brotherhood) with Hizb al-Wafd al-Jadid (New Wafd Party) | ? | ? | |
| Egypt | 1987 | Al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun (Muslim Brotherhood) with Hizb al-‘Amal (Labour Party) | 1987 | ||
| Egypt | 1990 | Al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun (Muslim Brotherhood) | X | X | MB did not participate |
| Egypt | 1995 | Al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun (Muslim Brotherhood) | 1995 | Statement on Democracy | |
| Egypt | 2000 | Al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun (Muslim Brotherhood) | 2000 (French) | ||
| Egypt | 2005 | Al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun (Muslim Brotherhood) | 2005 | ||
| Egypt | 2010 | Al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun (Muslim Brotherhood) | 2010 (draft translation) |
2010 | |
| Egypt | 2011 | Hizb al-Hurriya wa al-‘Adala (Freedom and Justice Party) | 2011 (partial draft translation) | 2011 | Affiliated with the Muslim Brotherhood. Part of al-Itilaf al-Dimuqrati Min Ajl al-Misr (Democratic Alliance for Egypt) |
| Egypt | 2011 | Hizb al-Asala (Authenticity Party) | 2011 (draft translation) |
2011 | Part of the Shabakat “al-Islamiyun” (Islamist Alliance) |
| Egypt | 2011 | Hizb al-Banna’ wa al-Tanmiyya (Party of Construction and Development) | 2011 (draft translation) |
2011 | Facebook. Part of the Shabakat “al-Islamiyun” (Islamist Alliance) |
| Egypt | 2011 | Hizb al-Fadyla (Virtue Party) | 2011 (draft translation) |
2011 | Part of the Shabakat “al-Islamiyun” (Islamist Alliance) |
| Egypt | 2011 | Hizb al-Islah wa al-Nahda (Party of Justice and Renaissance) | 2011 (draft translation) |
2011 | |
| Egypt | 2011 | Hizb al-Nour (Party of Light) | 2011 (draft translation) |
2011 | Part of the Shabakat “al-Islamiyun” (Islamist Alliance) |
| Egypt | 2011 | Hizb al-Tayar al-Masry (Egyptian Current Party) | 2011 (draft translation) |
2011 | Part of the “Al-Thawra Mustimara” (The Revolution Continues) Alliance. |
| Egypt | 2011 | Hizb al-Wasat (Center Party) | 2011 (draft translation) |
2009 | |
| Egypt | 2015 | Hizb al-Nour (Party of Light) | 2015 | Arabic Facebook page, English Facebook page | |
| Egypt | 2015 | Hizb al-Banna’ wa al-Tanmiyya (Party of Construction and Development) | X | X | Boycott. Platform on website not changed since 2011. |
| Egypt | 2015 | Hizb al-Hurriya wa al-‘Adala (Freedom and Justice Party) | X | X | Banned. Prior to ban, affiliated with the Muslim Brotherhood. |
| Egypt | 2015 | Hizb al-Misr al-Qawiya (Strong Egypt Party) | X | X | Boycott. Facebook page. |
| Egypt | 2015 | Hizb al-Wasat (Center Party) | X | X | Boycott. Platform on website not changed since 2011. |
| Indonesia | 1971 | Nahdatul Ulama (Revival of the Ulama) | ? | ? | |
| Indonesia | 1971 | Partai Muslimin Indonesia (Muslim Party of Indonesia) | ? | ? | |
| Indonesia | 1971 | Partai Syarikat Islam Indonesia (Indonesia Islamic Union Party) | ? | ? | |
| Indonesia | 1971 | Perti (Islamic Educators Association) | ? | ? | |
| Indonesia | 1977 | Partai Persatuan Pembangunan (PPP) (United Development Party) | ? | ? | |
| Indonesia | 1982 | Partai Persatuan Pembangunan (PPP) (United Development Party) | ? | ? | |
| Indonesia | 1987 | Partai Persatuan Pembangunan (PPP) (United Development Party) | ? | ? | |
| Indonesia | 1992 | Partai Persatuan Pembangunan (PPP) (United Development Party) | ? | ? | |
| Indonesia | 1997 | Partai Persatuan Pembangunan (PPP) (United Development Party) | ? | ? | |
| Indonesia | 1999 | Partai Keadilan (Justice Party) | 1998 (Partial draft translation) | 1998 | |
| Indonesia | 1999 | Partai Amanat Nasional (PAN) (National Mandate Party) | 1998 (Partial draft translation) | 1998 | |
| Indonesia | 1999 | Partai Bulan Bintang (PBB) (Crescent Star Party) | ? | ? | |
| Indonesia | 1999 | Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa (PKB) National Awakening Party | ? | ? | |
| Indonesia | 1999 | Partai Persatuan Pembangunan (PPP) (United Development Party) | ? | ? | |
| Indonesia | 2004 | Partai Keadilan Sejahtera (PKS) (Prosperous Justice Party) | ? | ? | |
| Indonesia | 2004 | Partai Persatuan Pembangunan (PPP) (United Development Party) | ? | ? | |
| Indonesia | 2004 | Partai Bulan Bintang (PBB) (Crescent Star Party) | ? | ? | |
| Indonesia | 2004 | Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa (PKB) (National Awakening Party) | ? | ? | |
| Indonesia | 2004 | Partai Bintang Reformasi (PBR) (Reform Star Party) | ? | ? | |
| Indonesia | 2004 | Partai Persatuan Nahdlatul Ummah Indonesia (NU) (Indonesian Nahdlatul Community Party) | ? | ? | |
| Indonesia | 2009 | Partai Amanat Nasional (PAN) (National Mandate Party) | ? | ? | Party website has no platform available. |
| Indonesia | 2009 | Partai Bintang Reformasi (PBR) (Reform Star Party) | 2009 (draft translation) |
2009 | Vision statement rather than a full program. |
| Indonesia | 2009 | Partai Bulan Bintang (PBB) (Crescent Star Party) | 2009 (draft translation) |
2009 | |
| Indonesia | 2009 | Partai Keadilan Sejahtera (PKS) (Prosperous Justice Party) | 2009 | ||
| Indonesia | 2009 | Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa (PKB) (National Awakening Party) | 2009 (draft translation) |
2009 | |
| Indonesia | 2009 | Partai Kebangkitan Nasional Ulama (PKNU) (Ulema National Awakening Party) | 2009 (draft translation) |
2009 | Vision statement rather than a full program |
| Indonesia | 2009 | Partai Matahari Bangsa (PMB) (National Sun Party) | 2009 (draft translation) |
2009 | |
| Indonesia | 2009 | Partai Persatuan Nahdlatul Ummah Indonesia (PPNUI) (Indonesian Nahdlatul Community Party) | 2009 (draft translation) |
2009 | Vision statement rather than a full program |
| Indonesia | 2009 | Partai Persatuan Pembangunan (PPP) (United Development Party) | ? | ? | |
| Indonesia | 2014 | Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa (PKB) (National Awakening Party) | 2014 | Same platform as 2009. | |
| Indonesia | 2014 | Partai Keadilan Sejahtera (PKS) (Prosperous Justice Party) | 2014 | Same platform as 2009. | |
| Indonesia | 2014 | Partai Amanat Nasional (PAN) (National Mandate Party) | 2014 | Brief vision/mission statement. | |
| Indonesia | 2014 | Partai Persatuan Pembangunan (PPP) (United Development Party) | 2014 | ||
| Indonesia | 2014 | Partai Bulan Bintang (PBB) (Crescent Star Party) | 2014 | Brief vision/mission statement. | |
| Indonesia | 2019 | Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa (PKB) (National Awakening Party) | 2019 | Same platform as 2009 and 2014. | |
| Indonesia | 2019 | Partai Keadilan Sejahtera (PKS) (Prosperous Justice Party) | 2019 | Same platform as 2009 and 2014. | |
| Indonesia | 2019 | Partai Amanat Nasional (PAN) (National Mandate Party) | 2019 | ||
| Indonesia | 2019 | Partai Persatuan Pembangunan (PPP) (United Development Party) | ? | ? | |
| Indonesia | 2019 | Partai Bulan Bintang (PBB) (Crescent Star Party) | 2019 | Brief vision/mission statement. | |
| Indonesia | 2024 | Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa (PKB) (National Awakening Party) | 2024 | Same platform as 2009, 2014, and 2019. | |
| Indonesia | 2024 | Partai Keadilan Sejahtera (PKS) (Prosperous Justice Party) | 2024 | Same platform as 2009, 2014, and 2019. | |
| Indonesia | 2024 | Partai Amanat Nasional (PAN) (National Mandate Party) | 2024 | Same as 2019. | |
| Indonesia | 2024 | Partai Persatuan Pembangunan (PPP) (United Development Party) | ? | ? | 2021 Vision and Mission statement, 2022 principles, 2022 statement. |
| Indonesia | 2024 | Partai Bulan Bintang (PBB) (Crescent Star Party) | 2024 | Brief vision/mission statement, same as 2019. | |
| Iraq | 2005 | al-Ittihad al-‘Iraqi al-Muwahhad (Unified Iraqi Coalition) | 2004 | ||
| Iraq | 2005 | Jabhat al-Tawafuq al-‘Iraqiyya (Iraqi Accord Front) | 2005 | December 2005 parliamentary election, not January 2005 transitional assembly election. | |
| Iraq | 2005 | Yekgirtuy Islami Kurdistan (Kurdistan Islamic Union) | 2005 | ||
| Iraq | 2010 | al-Hizb al-Islami al-Iraqi (Iraqi Islamic Party) | 2010 (draft translation) |
2010 | Part of Jabhat al-Tawafuq al-Iraqiyya (Iraqi Accord Front), 2010. |
| Iraq | 2010 | al-I’tilaf al-Watani al-‘Iraqi (Iraqi National Alliance) | 2010 (draft translation) |
2010 | |
| Iraq | 2010 | Yekgirtuy Islami Kurdistan (Kurdistan Islamic Union) | 2010 | 2010 (Kurdish), 2010 (Arabic) |
|
| Iraq | 2010 | Komele Islami le Kurdistan/Iraq (Islamic Group in Kurdistan/Iraq) | ? | ? | |
| Iraq | 2014 | Sadrist movement | ? | ? | Website |
| Iraq | 2014 | I’tilaf al-Muwatin (Citizen Alliance) | 2014 | Affiliated with the Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq | |
| Iraq | 2014 | al-Hizb al-Islami al-‘Iraqi (Iraqi Islamic Party) | 2014 | Same as 2010 platform | |
| Iraq | 2014 | Hizb al-Fadhila al-Islami (Islamic Virtue Party) | ? | ? | Website |
| Iraq | 2014 | Yekgirtuy Islami Kurdistan (Kurdistan Islamic Union) | ? | ? | Website |
| Iraq | 2014 | Komele Islami le Kurdistan/Iraq (Islamic Group in Kurdistan/Iraq) | ? | ? | Website |
| Iraq | 2018 | Saairun (Forward; Alliance Toward Reform) | ? | ? | Coalition including Sadrist movement, as well as Iraqi Communist Party and others. |
| Iraq | 2018 | I’tilaf al-Fatah (Conquest Alliance) | ? | ? | Coalition including Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq and others. |
| Iraq | 2018 | Yekgirtuy Islami Kurdistan (Kurdistan Islamic Union) | 2018 | ||
| Iraq | 2018 | Komele Islami le Kurdistan/Iraq (Islamic Group in Kurdistan/Iraq) | ? | ? | Website |
| Iraq | 2021 | Sadrist movement | ? | ? | Website |
| Iraq | 2021 | Tahaluf al-Fatah (Conquest Alliance) | ? | 2021 principles and selected positions | Facebook page |
| Iraq | 2021 | Yekgirtuy Islami Kurdistan (Kurdistan Islamic Union) | 2021 | Same as 2018. Part of Hevpeymanîya Kurdistanî (the Kurdistani Coalition). | |
| Iraq | 2021 | Komele Dadgere Kurdistan (Kurdistan Justice Group) | ? | ? | Formerly known as the Islamic Group in Kurdistan/Iraq. |
| Israel | 1996 | Al-Qa’ima al-‘Arabiyya al-Muwahhada (also known in Hebrew as HaReshima HaAravit HaMe’uhedet, or Ra’am) (United Arab List) | ? | ? | |
| Israel | 1999 | Al-Qa’ima al-‘Arabiyya al-Muwahhada (also known in Hebrew as HaReshima HaAravit HaMe’uhedet, or Ra’am) (United Arab List) | ? | ? | Coalition with Mada |
| Israel | 2003 | Al-Qa’ima al-‘Arabiyya al-Muwahhada (also known in Hebrew as HaReshima HaAravit HaMe’uhedet, or Ra’am) (United Arab List) | ? | ? | |
| Israel | 2006 | Al-Qa’ima al-‘Arabiyya al-Muwahhada (also known in Hebrew as HaReshima HaAravit HaMe’uhedet, or Ra’am) (United Arab List) | ? | ? | Coalition with Ta’al |
| Israel | 2009 | Al-Qa’ima al-‘Arabiyya al-Muwahhada (also known in Hebrew as HaReshima HaAravit HaMe’uhedet, or Ra’am) (United Arab List) | ? | ? | Coalition with Ta’al |
| Israel | 2013 | Al-Qa’ima al-‘Arabiyya al-Muwahhada (also known in Hebrew as HaReshima HaAravit HaMe’uhedet, or Ra’am) (United Arab List) | ? | ? | |
| Israel | 2015 | Al-Qa’ima al-‘Arabiyya al-Muwahhada (also known in Hebrew as HaReshima HaAravit HaMe’uhedet, or Ra’am) (United Arab List) | ? | ? | With Joint List |
| Israel | 2019 (April) | Al-Qa’ima al-‘Arabiyya al-Muwahhada (also known in Hebrew as HaReshima HaAravit HaMe’uhedet, or Ra’am) (United Arab List) | ? | ? | Coalition with Balad |
| Israel | 2019 (September) | Al-Qa’ima al-‘Arabiyya al-Muwahhada (also known in Hebrew as HaReshima HaAravit HaMe’uhedet, or Ra’am) (United Arab List) | ? | ? | With Joint List |
| Israel | 2020 | Al-Qa’ima al-‘Arabiyya al-Muwahhada (also known in Hebrew as HaReshima HaAravit HaMe’uhedet, or Ra’am) (United Arab List) | ? | ? | With Joint List |
| Israel | 2021 | Al-Qa’ima al-‘Arabiyya al-Muwahhada (also known in Hebrew as HaReshima HaAravit HaMe’uhedet, or Ra’am) (United Arab List) | ? | ? | Facebook page |
| Israel | 2022 | Al-Qa’ima al-‘Arabiyya al-Muwahhada (also known in Hebrew as HaReshima HaAravit HaMe’uhedet, or Ra’am) (United Arab List) | ? | ? | Facebook page | Jordan | 1989 | Jama’at al-Ikhwan al-Muslimin (Society of Muslim Brothers) & allied independents | 1989 |
| Jordan | 1993 | Jabhat al-‘Amal al-Islami (Islamic Action Front) | 1993 (Part 1) 1993 (Part 2) |
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| Jordan | 1997 | Jabhat al-‘Amal al-Islami (Islamic Action Front) | X | X | Boycott |
| Jordan | 2003 | Jabhat al-‘Amal al-Islami (Islamic Action Front) | 2003 | ||
| Jordan | 2007 | Jabhat al-‘Amal al-Islami (Islamic Action Front) | 2007 | Decided to participate very late in the election cycle. | |
| Jordan | 2010 | Jabhat al-‘Amal al-Islami (Islamic Action Front) | ? | ? | Boycott |
| Jordan | 2013 | Jabhat al-‘Amal al-Islami (Islamic Action Front) | ? | ? | Boycott |
| Jordan | 2013 | Hizb al-Wasat al-Islami (Islamic Center Party) | ? | ? | |
| Jordan | 2016 | Jabhat al-‘Amal al-Islami (Islamic Action Front) | 2016 | Website. Part of al-Thalaf al-Watani li’l-Islah (National Coalition for Reform) | |
| Jordan | 2016 | Hizb al-Wasat al-Islami (Islamic Center Party) | 2016 | ||
| Jordan | 2016 | Al-Mubadara al-Urdaniyya li’l-Bana – Zamzam (Jordanian Initiative for Building – Zamzam) | ? | ? | Facebook page |
| Jordan | 2020 | Jabhat al-‘Amal al-Islami (Islamic Action Front) | ? | ? | |
| Jordan | 2020 | Hizb al-Wasat al-Islami (Islamic Center Party) | ? | ? | |
| Kuwait | 1981 | Al-Tajammu’ al-Islami al-Salafi (Salafi Islamic Association) | ? | ? | |
| Kuwait | 1981 | Al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun (Muslim Brothers) | ? | ? | |
| Kuwait | 1985 | Al-Tajammu’ al-Islami al-Salafi (Salafi Islamic Association) | ? | ? | |
| Kuwait | 1985 | Al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun (Muslim Brothers) | ? | ? | |
| Kuwait | 1992 | Al-Tajammu’ al-Islami al-Sha’bi (Popular Islamic Association) | ? | 1992 | |
| Kuwait | 1992 | Al-Haraka al-Dusturiyya al-Islamiyya (Islamic Constitutional Movement) | ? | ? | |
| Kuwait | 1996 | Al-Haraka al-Salafiyya (Salafi Movement) | ? | ? | |
| Kuwait | 1996 | Al-Tajammu’ al-Islami al-Salafi (Salafi Islamic Association) | ? | ? | |
| Kuwait | 1996 | Al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun (Muslim Brothers) | ? | ? | |
| Kuwait | 1999 | Al-Haraka al-Salafiyya (Salafi Movement) | ? | ? | |
| Kuwait | 1999 | Al-Tajammu’ al-Islami al-Salafi (Salafi Islamic Association) | ? | ? | |
| Kuwait | 1999 | Al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun (Muslim Brothers) | ? | ? | |
| Kuwait | 2003 | Al-Haraka al-Salafiyya (Salafi Movement) | ? | ? | |
| Kuwait | 2003 | Al-Tajammu’ al-Islami al-Salafi (Salafi Islamic Association) | 2003 | ||
| Kuwait | 2003 | Al-Haraka al-Dusturiyya al-Islamiyya (Islamic Constitutional Movement) | 2003 | ||
| Kuwait | 2006 | Al-Haraka al-Salafiyya (Salafi Movement) | ? | ? | |
| Kuwait | 2006 | Al-Tajammu’ al-Islami al-Salafi (Salafi Islamic Association) | ? | ? | |
| Kuwait | 2006 | Al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun (Muslim Brothers) | ? | ? | |
| Kuwait | 2008 | Al-Haraka al-Dusturiyya al-Islamiyya (Islamic Constitutional Movement) | 2008 | ||
| Kuwait | 2008 | Hizb al-Umma (Umma Party) | ? | ? | |
| Kuwait | 2008 | Al-Tajammu’ al-Islami al-Salafi (Salafi Islamic Association) | 2008 | ||
| Kuwait | 2008 | Al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun (Muslim Brothers) | ? | ? | |
| Kuwait | 2008 | Independent Islamists | ? | ? | |
| Kuwait | 2009 | Al-Haraka al-Dusturiyya al-Islamiyya (Islamic Constitutional Movement) | ? | ? | |
| Kuwait | 2009 | Al-Tajammu’ al-Islami al-Salafi (Salafi Islamic Association) | ? | ? | |
| Kuwait | 2009 | Hizb al-Umma (Umma Party) | Boycott | ||
| Kuwait | 2009 | Independent Sunni Islamists | ? | ? | |
| Kuwait | 2012 (February) | Al-Haraka al-Dusturiyya al-Islamiyya (Islamic Constitutional Movement) | 2012 (draft translation) |
2012 | |
| Kuwait | 2012 (February) | Al-Tajammu’ al-Islami al-Salafi (Salafi Islamic Association) | ? | ? | |
| Kuwait | 2012 (February) | Hizb al-Umma (Umma Party) | Boycott | ||
| Kuwait | 2012 (December) | Al-Haraka al-Dusturiyya al-Islamiyya (Islamic Constitutional Movement) | Boycott | ||
| Kuwait | 2012 (December) | Al-Tajammu’ al-Islami al-Salafi (Salafi Islamic Association) | ? | ? | Boycott |
| Kuwait | 2012 (December) | Hizb al-Umma (Umma Party) | Boycott | ||
| Kuwait | 2013 | Al-Haraka al-Dusturiyya al-Islamiyya (Islamic Constitutional Movement) | ? | ? | Boycott |
| Kuwait | 2013 | Al-Tajammu’ al-Islami al-Salafi (Salafi Islamic Association) | ? | ? | |
| Kuwait | 2013 | Hizb al-Umma (Umma Party) | ? | ? | |
| Kuwait | 2016 | Al-Haraka al-Dusturiyya al-Islamiyya (Islamic Constitutional Movement) | ? | ? | Website | Kuwait | 2016 | Al-Tajammu’ al-Islami al-Salafi (Salafi Islamic Association) | 2016 | Kuwait | 2020 | Al-Haraka al-Dusturiyya al-Islamiyya (Islamic Constitutional Movement) | ? | ? | Website | Kuwait | 2020 | Al-Tajammu’ al-Islami al-Salafi (Salafi Islamic Association) | 2020 | Kuwait | 2022 | Al-Haraka al-Dusturiyya al-Islamiyya (Islamic Constitutional Movement) | ? | ? | Website | Kuwait | 2022 | Al-Tajammu’ al-Islami al-Salafi (Salafi Islamic Association) | ? | ? | Kuwait | 2023 | Al-Haraka al-Dusturiyya al-Islamiyya (Islamic Constitutional Movement) | ? | ? | Website | Kuwait | 2023 | Al-Tajammu’ al-Islami al-Salafi (Salafi Islamic Association) | ? | ? | Kuwait | 2024 | Al-Haraka al-Dusturiyya al-Islamiyya (Islamic Constitutional Movement) | ? | ? | Website | Kuwait | 2024 | Al-Tajammu’ al-Islami al-Salafi (Salafi Islamic Association) | ? | ? |
| Lebanon | 1992 | Hizbullah (Party of God) | 1992 | 1992 | |
| Lebanon | 1992 | al-Jama’a al-Islamiyya (The Islamic Society) | ? | ? | |
| Lebanon | 1992 | Jami’at al-Mashari’ al-Khayriyya al-Islamiyya (The Association of Islamic Charitable Projects) | ? | ? | |
| Lebanon | 1996 | Hizbullah (Party of God) | 1996 | 1996 | |
| Lebanon | 1996 | al-Jama’a al-Islamiyya (The Islamic Society) | ? | ? | |
| Lebanon | 1996 | Jami’at al-Mashari’ al-Khayriyya al-Islamiyya (The Association of Islamic Charitable Projects) | ? | ? | |
| Lebanon | 2000 | Hizbullah (Party of God) | 2000 | 2000 | |
| Lebanon | 2000 | al-Jama’a al-Islamiyya (The Islamic Society) | ? | ? | |
| Lebanon | 2005 | Hizbullah (Party of God) | 2005 | ||
| Lebanon | 2005 | al-Jama’a al-Islamiyya (The Islamic Society) | X | X | Boycott |
| Lebanon | 2009 | Hizbullah (Party of God) | 2009 | 2009 | |
| Lebanon | 2009 | al-Jama’a al-Islamiyya (The Islamic Society) | ? | ? | |
| Lebanon | 2018 | Hizbullah (Party of God) | 2018 | ||
| Lebanon | 2018 | al-Jama’a al-Islamiyya (The Islamic Society) | ? | ? | 2001 political program |
| Lebanon | 2022 | Hizbullah (Party of God) | 2022 | ||
| Lebanon | 2022 | al-Jama’a al-Islamiyya (The Islamic Society) | ? | ? | 2001 political program |
| Libya | 2012 | al-‘Adala wa al-Bina (Justice and Construction) | 2012 (draft translation) |
2012 | |
| Libya | 2012 | Hizb al-Watan (The Nation Party) | 2012 (draft translation of video) |
? | Webpage for platform is blank. Short video describes the platform. |
| Malaysia | 1969 | Pan-Malayan Islamic Party | 1967 | The Objects of the Pan-Malayan Islamic Party | |
| Malaysia | 1974 | Parti Islam Se-Malaysia (PAS) (Islamic Party of Malaysia), as part of the Barisan Nasional (National Front) | ? | ? | PAS was part of the National Front for the 1974 election. |
| Malaysia | 1978 | Parti Islam Se-Malaysia (PAS) (Islamic Party of Malaysia) | 1978 | ||
| Malaysia | 1982 | Parti Islam Se-Malaysia (PAS) (Islamic Party of Malaysia) | ? | ? | |
| Malaysia | 1986 | Parti Islam Se-Malaysia (PAS) (Islamic Party of Malaysia) | ? | ? | |
| Malaysia | 1990 | Parti Islam Se-Malaysia (PAS) (Islamic Party of Malaysia) | ? | ? | |
| Malaysia | 1995 | Parti Islam Se-Malaysia (PAS) (Islamic Party of Malaysia) | ? | ? | |
| Malaysia | 1999 | Parti Islam Se-Malaysia (PAS) (Islamic Party of Malaysia), as part of Barisan Alternatif (Alternative Front) | 1999 Coalition Platform (Part 1 and Part 2) | 1999 Coalition Platform | President’s message accompanying the manifesto |
| Malaysia | 2004 | Parti Islam Se-Malaysia (PAS) (Islamic Party of Malaysia), as part of Barisan Alternatif (Alternative Front) | 2004 Coalition Platform | PAS separately released The Islamic State Document | |
| Malaysia | 2008 | Parti Islam Se-Malaysia (PAS) (Islamic Party of Malaysia) | 2008 | 2008 | In addition to their own manifesto, PAS also signed onto a coalition known as Barisan Rakyat (People’s Front), with the following platforms: The People’s Declaration (Deklarasi Rakyat) and The People’s Voice |
| Malaysia | 2013 | Parti Islam Se-Malaysia (PAS) (Islamic Party of Malaysia) | 2013 (joint manifesto of Pakatan Rayat) | 2013 (joint manifesto of Pakatan Rakyat) | PAS was part of the Pakatan Rakyat (People’s Alliance). |
| Malaysia | 2018 | Parti Islam Se-Malaysia (PAS) (Islamic Party of Malaysia) | 2018 | PAS was the leading party in the Malaysia Sejahtera (Prosperous Malaysia) coalition. | |
| Malaysia | 2018 | Parti Amanah Negara (Amanah) (National Trust Party) | 2018 (joint manifesto of Pakatan Harapan) | Mission, vision, goals statements. Amanah was part of the Pakatan Harapan (Alliance of Hope). | |
| Malaysia | 2022 | Parti Islam Se-Malaysia (PAS) (Islamic Party of Malaysia) | 2022 (joint manifesto of Perikatan Nasional) | PAS was part of Perikatan Nasional (National Alliance). | |
| Malaysia | 2022 | Parti Amanah Negara (Amanah) (National Trust Party) | 2022 (joint manifesto of Pakatan Harapan) | 2022 (joint manifesto of Pakatan Harapan) | Amanah was part of the Pakatan Harapan (Alliance of Hope). |
| Maldives | 2009 | Adhaalath Paatee (Justice Party) | ? | ? | |
| Maldives | 2009 | Islamik Dimokretik Paatee (Islamic Democratic Party) | 2008 | ||
| Maldives | 2014 | Adhaalath Paatee (Justice Party) | ? | ? | Webpage |
| Maldives | 2019 | Adhaalath Paatee (Justice Party) | ? | ? | Webpage |
| Mauritania | 2013 | Al-Tajammu’ al-Watani li’l-Islah wa al-Tanmiyya (Tewassoul) (National Rally for Reform and Development) | Intellectual vision | ||
| Mauritania | 2018 | Al-Tajammu’ al-Watani li’l-Islah wa al-Tanmiyya (Tewassoul) (National Rally for Reform and Development) | 2017 program | 2017 policy document | |
| Morocco | 1993 | Mouvement Populaire Démocratique et Constitutionnel (Constitutional and Democratic Popular Movement) | X | X | Proto-PJD denied participation |
| Morocco | 1997 | Mouvement Populaire Démocratique et Constitutionnel (Constitutional and Democratic Popular Movement) | ? | ? | Proto-PJD |
| Morocco | 2002 | Hizb al-‘Adala wa’l-Tanmiyya (Justice and Development Party) | 2002 | ||
| Morocco | 2007 | Hizb al-‘Adala wa’l-Tanmiyya (Justice and Development Party) | 2007 (French) | 2007 | |
| Morocco | 2007 | Hizb al-Nahda wa’l-Fadila (Party of Renaissance and Virtue) | 2007 (French) | ||
| Morocco | 2007 | Hizb al-Nahda wa’l-Fadila (Party of Renaissance and Virtue) | ? | ? | |
| Morocco | 2011 | Hizb al-‘Adala wa’l-Tanmiyya (Justice and Development Party) | 2011 (draft translation) |
2011 | Summary |
| Morocco | 2011 | Hizb al-Nahda wa’l-Fadila (Party of Renaissance and Virtue) | 2011 (draft translation) |
2009 | |
| Morocco | 2016 | Hizb al-‘Adala wa’l-Tanmiyya (Justice and Development Party) | 2016 (French summary) |
2016 | |
| Morocco | 2016 | Hizb al-Nahda wa’l-Fadila (Party of Renaissance and Virtue) | ? | ? | |
| Pakistan | 1970 | Jamaat-e-Islami (Islamic Society) | 1969 | ||
| Pakistan | 1970 | Jamiat-e-Ulema-i-Islam (Society of Religious Scholars of Islam) | ? | ? | |
| Pakistan | 1970 | Jamaat-e-Ulema-e-Islam (Society of Religious Scholars of Islam) / Jamaat-e-Ahl-e-Hadith (Society of the Family of Hadith) | ? | ? | |
| Pakistan | 1970 | Markazi Jamiat-e-Ulema-e-Pakistan (Central Society of Religious Scholars of Pakistan) | ? | ? | |
| Pakistan | 1977 | Pakistan National Alliance | ? | ? | Including Pakistan Muslim League and Jamaat-e-Islami |
| Pakistan | 1985 | Jamaat-e-Islami (Islamic Society) | ? | ? | The JI were the only party allowed to participate as a political organization in these otherwise non-party elections |
| Pakistan | 1988 | Jamaat-e-Islami (Islamic Society) | 1988 Coalition Platform | Part of the Islami Jamhoori Ittehad (Islamic Democratic Alliance) with the Pakistan Muslim League | |
| Pakistan | 1988 | Jamiat-e-Ulema-i-Islam (JUI) (Society of Religious Scholars of Islam) | ? | ? | |
| Pakistan | 1988 | Jamaat-e-Ulema-e-Islam Fazl (JUI-F) (Society of Religious Scholars of Islam, Fazl Group) | ? | ? | |
| Pakistan | 1990 | Jamaat-e-Islami (Islamic Society) | ? | ? | Part of the Islami Jamhoori Ittehad (Islamic Democratic Alliance) with the Pakistan Muslim League |
| Pakistan | 1990 | Jamiat-e-Ulema-i-Islam (JUI) (Society of Religious Scholars of Islam) | ? | ? | |
| Pakistan | 1993 | Jamaat-e-Islami (Islamic Society) | ? | ? | Part of the Pakistan Islamic Front |
| Pakistan | 1993 | Islamic Jamhoori Mahaz (Islamic Democratic Front) | ? | ? | |
| Pakistan | 1993 | Mutahida Deeni Mahaz (United Religious Front) | ? | ? | |
| Pakistan | 1997 | Jamaat-e-Islami (Islamic Society) | X | X | Boycott statement |
| Pakistan | 1997 | Jamaat-e-Ulema-e-Islam Fazl (JUI-F) (Society of Religious Scholars of Islam, Fazl Group) | ? | ? | |
| Pakistan | 2002 | Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal (United Action Council) | 2002 (15-point manifesto) | Alliance of six Islamist parties including the Jamaat-e-Islami | |
| Pakistan | 2008 | Jamaat-e-Islami (Islamic Society) | X | X | JI boycott |
| Pakistan | 2008 | Jamaat-e-Ulema-e-Islam Fazl (JUI-F) (Society of Religious Scholars of Islam, Fazl Group) | ? | ? | |
| Pakistan | 2013 | Jamaat-e-Islami (Islamic Society) | 2013 | 2013 | |
| Pakistan | 2013 | Jamaat-e-Ulema-e-Islam Fazl (JUI-F) (Society of Religious Scholars of Islam, Fazl Group) | 2013 | 1986/2013 | |
| Pakistan | 2013 | Muttahida Deeni Mahaz (United Religious Front) | ? | ? | Six-party alliance (Facebook page): Jamiat-e-Ulema Islam – Samiul Haq, Jamiat-e-Ulema-e-Pakistan Noorani, Pakistan Rah-e-Haq Party, Jamiat Ahle Hadith, Ahle Sunnat Wal Jamaat, Jamiat-e-Ulema-e-Pakistan |
| Pakistan | 2013 | Islami Inqalab Party (Islamic Revolution Party) | ? | ? | |
| Pakistan | 2013 | Islami Nazaryati Tehreek Pakistan (Islamic Movement of Pakistan) | 2013 (summary) | 2013 | Booklet and constitution also available on same page. |
| Pakistan | 2013 | Jamiat Ulama-e-Islam Nazaryati Pakistan (Society of Religious Scholars of Islam – Nazaryati Pakistan) | ? | ? | Blog |
| Pakistan | 2013 | Jamiat Ulama-e-Pakistan (Niazi) | ? | ? | |
| Pakistan | 2018 | Muttahida Majlis-i-Amal (United Council of Action) (MMA) | 2018 | Five-party alliance: Jamaat Ulama-i-Islam, Jamaat-i-Islami, Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam Pakistan (Fazl) (12-point platform), Tehreek-i-Islami Pakistan, and Markazi Jamiat Ahle Hadith | |
| Pakistan | 2018 | Allah-o-Akbar Tehreek Pakistan (“God Is Greatest” Movement of Pakistan) | 2016 | Running candidates from Milli Muslim League (manifesto and English-language objectives resolution) | |
| Pakistan | 2018 | Tehreek-e-Labbaik Ya Rasul Allah Pakistan (“Here I Am, O Messenger of God” Movement of Pakistan) (TLP) | 2018 (full), 2018 (summary) | ||
| Pakistan | 2018 | Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam Nazaryati (Society of Religious Scholars of Islam, Nazaryati Group) | ? | ? | Facebook page |
| Pakistan | 2018 | Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam Sami (Society of Religious Scholars of Islam, Sami-ul-Haq Group) | ? | ? | |
| Pakistan | 2018 | Jamiat Ulema-i-Pakistan Noorani (Society of Religious Scholars of Pakistan, Noorani Group) | ? | ? | Facebook page |
| Pakistan | 2018 | Pakistan Rah-e-Haq Party (Pakistan True Path Party) | ? | ? | Facebook page |
| Pakistan | 2024 | Jamaat-i Islami (Islamic Society) (JI) | 2024 | ||
| Pakistan | 2024 | Muttahida Majlis-i-Amal (United Council of Action) (MMA) | ? | ? | Four-party alliance: Jamaat Ulama-i-Islam, Jamiat Ulema-i-Pakistan (Fazl), Tehreek-i-Islami Pakistan, and Markazi Jamiat Ahle Hadith |
| Pakistan | 2024 | Tehreek-e-Labbaik Ya Rasul Allah Pakistan (“Here I Am, O Messenger of God” Movement of Pakistan) (TLP) | > | 2024 (video) | Website |
| Pakistan | 2024 | Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam (Society of Religious Scholars of Islam) | ? | ? | Website |
| Pakistan | 2024 | Jamiat Ulema-i-Pakistan (Society of Religious Scholars of Pakistan) | ? | ? | Website | Palestine | 2006 | Kutlat al-Taghyir wa’l-Islah (Change and Reform Bloc) | 2006 | 2006 | Affiliated with Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya (Hamas) (Islamic Resistance Movement) |
| Somalia | 2012 | Xisbiga Nabadda Iyo Horumarka (Peace and Development Party, PDP) | 2011 | ||
| Somalia | 2016 | Xisbiga Nabadda Iyo Horumarka (Peace and Development Party, PDP) | Same as 2011 platform? | ||
| Sudan | 1968 | Hizb al-Umma, Janub (Nation Party, South) | ? | ? | |
| Sudan | 1968 | Hizb al-Umma, Imam (Nation Party, Imam) | ? | ? | |
| Sudan | 1968 | Hizb al-Umma, Sadiq (Nation Party, Sadiq) | ? | 1965 | |
| Sudan | 1986 | Al-Jabha al-Islamiyya al-Qaumiyya (National Islamic Front) | ? | ? | |
| Sudan | 1986 | Hizb al-Umma al-Jadid (New Nation Party) | ? | 1985 | |
| Sudan | 2010 | Hizb al-Mu’tamar al-Watani al-Sudani (National Congress Party of Sudan) | 2010 | ||
| Sudan | 2010 | Hizb al-Umma al-Qaumi al-Sudan (National Umma Party – Sudan) | 2010 (draft translation) |
2010 | |
| Sudan | 2010 | al-Mu’tamar al-Sha`bi (Popular Congress) | 2010 (draft translation) |
2005 | |
| Sudan | 2015 | Hizb al-Mu’tamar al-Watani al-Sudani (National Congress Party of Sudan) | 2010 (draft translation) |
2015 | |
| Sudan | 2015 | Hizb al-Umma al-Qaumi al-Sudan (National Umma Party – Sudan) | X | X | Boycott |
| Sudan | 2015 | al-Mu’tamar al-Sha`bi (Popular Congress) | X | X | Boycott |
| Tajikistan | 1995 | Hizbi Nahzati Islomi Tojikiston (Party of the Islamic Front of Tajikistan, also known as Islamic Renaissance Party) | X | X | Boycott |
| Tajikistan | 2000 | Hizbi Nahzati Islomi Tojikiston (Party of the Islamic Front of Tajikistan, also known as Islamic Renaissance Party) | ? | ? | |
| Tajikistan | 2005 | Hizbi Nahzati Islomi Tojikiston (Party of the Islamic Front of Tajikistan, also known as Islamic Renaissance Party) | 2005 | This program is only a summary. | |
| Tajikistan | 2010 | Hizbi Nahzati Islomi Tojikiston (Party of the Islamic Front of Tajikistan, also known as Islamic Renaissance Party) | ? | ? | See list of candidates here. |
| Tunisia | 1989 | Hizb an-Nahda (Renaissance Party) | ? | ? | |
| Tunisia | 2011 | Hizb an-Nahda (Renaissance Party) | 2011 (summary) | 2011 (Part 1, Part 2) | |
| Tunisia | 2011 | Hizb al-‘Adl wa al-Tanmiyya (Party of Justice and Development) (PJD) | 2011 (draft translation) |
2011 | Facebook page |
| Tunisia | 2011 | Hizb al-‘Adala wa al-Tanmiyya (Justice and Development Party) (JPD) | ? | ? | Listing at Partistunisie.com |
| Tunisia | 2011 | Hizb al-Haraka al-Tunisiyya li’l-‘Amal al-Magharibi (Tunisian Movement for Maghrebi Action) (MTAM) | 2011 (draft translation of video) |
? | Facebook page |
| Tunisia | 2011 | Hizb al-Islah wa al-Tanmiyya (Party of Reform and Development) (PRD) | 2011 (French), 2011 (draft translation, English) |
2011 | |
| Tunisia | 2011 | Hizb al-Karama wa al-Musawah (Party of Dignity and Equality) (PDE) | 2011 | ||
| Tunisia | 2011 | Hizb al-Karama wa al-Tanmiyya (Party of Dignity and Development) (PDD) | 2011 (draft translation) |
2011 | Facebook page |
| Tunisia | 2011 | Hizb al-Muhafizin al-Taqaddumiyin (Progressive Conservative Party) (PCP) | 2011 (draft translation) |
2011 | |
| Tunisia | 2011 | Hizb al-Umma al-Tunisi (Tunisian Nation Party) (PTN) | ? | ? | |
| Tunisia | 2011 | Hizb al-Wahda wa al-Islah (Party of Unity and Reform) (PUR) | ? | ? | |
| Tunisia | 2011 | al-Liqa’ al-Islahi al-Dimuqrati (Democratic Reformist Encounter) (RRD) | 2007 | ||
| Tunisia | 2014 | Hizb an-Nahda (Renaissance Party) | 2014 | ||
| Tunisia | 2014 | Hizb Jabhat al-Islah al-Islamiyya al-Tunisiyya (Tunisian Islamic Reform Front) | 2011 (draft translation) |
2012 | |
| Tunisia | 2019 | Hizb an-Nahda (Renaissance Party) | 2019 | ||
| Tunisia | 2019 | I’tilaf al-Karama (Dignity Coalition) | Website, Facebook page | ||
| Tunisia | 2022-2023 | Hizb an-Nahda (Renaissance Party) | Boycotted election. Part of Jabhat al-Khalas al-Watani – Tunis (National Salvation Front – Tunisia) | ||
| Turkey | 1973 | Milli Selâmet Partisi (National Salvation Party) | ? | ? | Founding statement: Milli Görüş (Part 1 and Part 2) |
| Turkey | 1977 | Milli Selâmet Partisi (National Salvation Party) | ? | ? | |
| Turkey | 1983 | X | X | X | |
| Turkey | 1987 | Refah Partisi (Welfare Party) | ? | ? | Pamphlet: Tek Cözüm |
| Turkey | 1991 | Refah Partisi (Welfare Party) | 1991 (Part 1 and Part 2) | ||
| Turkey | 1995 | Refah Partisi (Welfare Party) | ? | ? | Pamphlet: İşte Memleketin Hikayesi |
| Turkey | 1999 | Fazilet Partisi (Virtue Party) | 1998 | ||
| Turkey | 2002 | Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi (AKP) (Justice and Development Party) | 2002 | Original party programme (English) | |
| Turkey | 2002 | Saadet Partisi (Felicity Party) | 2002 | Original party program | |
| Turkey | 2007 | Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi (AKP) (Justice and Development Party) | 2007 | ||
| Turkey | 2007 | Büyük Birlik Partisi (BBP, Great Union Party) | ? | ? | Program |
| Turkey | 2007 | Saadet Partisi (Felicity Party) | 2007 (Part A and Part B) | ||
| Turkey | 2011 | Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi (AKP) (Justice and Development Party) | 2011 (partial draft translation) | 2011 | |
| Turkey | 2011 | Büyük Birlik Partisi (BBP, Great Union Party) | 2011 | Program truncated from 2007 | |
| Turkey | 2011 | Saadet Partisi (Felicity Party) | 2011 (draft translation) |
2011 | Alternative formatting |
| Turkey | 2015 (June) | Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi (AKP) (Justice and Development Party) | 2015 (June) | Vision statement in Turkish and English | |
| Turkey | 2015 (June) | Saadet Partisi (Felicity Party)/Büyük Birlik Partisi (BBP, Great Union Party) | 2015 (June) (SP) | Millî İttifak (National Alliance). BBP program same as 2011. | |
| Turkey | 2015 (June) | Hür Dava Partisi (Hüda Par, Free Cause Party) | Party program (2012). | ||
| Turkey | 2015 (November) | Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi (AKP) (Justice and Development Party) | 2015 (November) | Party program (English, Turkish) | |
| Turkey | 2015 (November) | Büyük Birlik Partisi (BBP, Great Union Party) | ? | ? | Program same as 2011 and June 2015 |
| Turkey | 2015 (November) | Saadet Partisi (Felicity Party) | 2015 (November) | ||
| Turkey | 2018 | Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi (AKP) (Justice and Development Party) | 2018 | Party program (Turkish) | |
| Turkey | 2018 | Büyük Birlik Partisi (BBP, Great Union Party) | 2017 | ||
| Turkey | 2018 | Saadet Partisi (Felicity Party) | 2018 | ||
| Turkey | 2018 | Hür Dava Partisi (Hüda Par, Free Cause Party) | |||
| Turkey | 2023 | Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi (AKP) (Justice and Development Party) | 2023 | Shorter version (129 pages). | |
| Turkey | 2023 | Büyük Birlik Partisi (BBP, Great Union Party) | Part of AKP’s Cumhur İttifakı (People’s Alliance). Brief party program. | ||
| Turkey | 2023 | Yeniden Refah Partisi (New Welfare Party) | Part of AKP’s Cumhur İttifakı (People’s Alliance). Party program. | ||
| Turkey | 2023 | Hür Dava Partisi (Hüda Par, Free Cause Party) | Part of AKP list. Party program (2012). | ||
| Turkey | 2023 | Saadet Partisi (Felicity Party) | Part of the Millet İttifakı (Nation Alliance). 2019 party program. | ||
| Yemen | 1993 | Tajammu’ al-Yamani li’l-Islah (Yemeni Association for Reform) | 1993 | 1994 political platform | |
| Yemen | 1997 | Tajammu’ al-Yamani li’l-Islah (Yemeni Association for Reform) | 1997 | 1997 | |
| Yemen | 2003 | Tajammu’ al-Yamani li’l-Islah (Yemeni Association for Reform) | 2003 (draft translation) |
2003 |
Coding questions for party platforms:
1. Does the party call for a violent revolution against the state?
2. Does the party support democracy? Do they define democracy?
3. Does the party require the implementation of the sharia? What is their definition of the sharia? Who will adjudicate disputes over the meaning of the sharia?
4. What are the top three issues in the party platform?
5. Where does the party stand on women’s rights and the implementation of Islamic family law?
6. How does the party propose to treat minorities?
7. Does the party platform propose any welfare programs such as pensions, poverty relief, and medical care for those in need?
8. Is jihad mentioned? In what context? How is jihad defined?
9. What is the party’s position on the Israel/Palestine conflict?
10. Does the party mention an anti-corruption stance in its platform?
11. Does the party platform propose banning interest based banking?
12. Is the party platform accepting of a free market economy?
13. Is the party platform encouraging towards foreign investment?